Politics

collage-style illustration with an image of words from the Declaration of Independence turned sideways, striped across a painting of a Black hand on a robed lap, with manacle and thick metal chain
Illustration by Colin Hunter. Sources: Heritage Images / Getty; Universal History Archive / Getty.

Whose Independence?

The question of what Jefferson meant by “all men” has defined American law and politics for too long.

illustration of the flag of Great Britain waving with large white letters painted on it: LIBERTY FOR SLAVES
Illustration by Paul Spella. Source: Paul Popper / Popperfoto / Getty.

The Black Loyalists

Thousands of African Americans fought for the British—then fled the United States to avoid a return to enslavement.

photo of the title page of The Pennsylvania Magazine, with engraved illustration of American symbols, from July 1776
Photograph by Rythum Vinoben for The Atlantic. Document courtesy of the John Carter Brown Library.

The American Experiment

At 250, the Revolution’s goals remain noble and indispensable.